저자과학동아 디지털 편집부 출판사과학동아북스 출간일2013-12-28 형태epub 페이지 수 0 정가1,200원
많은 학자들은 이처럼 각기 다른 행동 양식이 ‘적자생존’을 가능하게 했다고 생각한다. 남성은 먼 거리를 이동하면서 길을 제대로 찾고, 사냥감을 포획하며, 다시 부락으로 돌아와야 하기 때문에 여러 방향에서도 길을 제대로 찾는 공간 관계 파악 능력이나 과녁을 정확하게 조준하는 능력을 발전시켰을 것이다. 여성은 표지물을 이용해 근거리 내에서 이동하며 환경의 조그만 변화에도 예민하게 반응하고, 또 옷을 만들어 입을 때 필요한 미세한 동작을 잘 해내는 능력을 발전시켰을 것이다.
환경에 효과적으로 적응하려고 남성과 여성이 행한 행동들 때문에 뇌의 신경 구조가 각기 다른 특성을 띠게 되고, 이러한 절차가 수십만 년을 되풀이하면서 남녀가 독특한 인지 능력의 차이를 발전시켰다. 남녀의 성을 결정짓는 호르몬과 남녀가 환경에 대해 적응하는 행동의 차이가 서로 연합해 지금과 같은 인지 능력의 차이를 초래하게 된 것이다.
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Six Flags open world's tallest, steepest and fastest wooden roller coaster
By Jessica Jerreat Daredevils will be flocking to Gurnee in Illinois this summer for the chance to take on Goliath - the world's tallest, steepest, fastest roller coaster.
The latest attraction which opened at Six Flags Great America on Thursday is a wooden roller coaster that breaks three world records.
Those brave enough to take a ride on it will be plunged down a 180ft near-vertical drop, as the roller coaster twists and turns at speeds of up to 72mph.
We all know how Kai feels as England's dream hangs by a thread - despite Dad's first ever World Cup goal
England look likely to be eliminated early after last night's defeat due to a double by Liverpool striker Luis Suarez It will be the first time since 1958 that England have been knocked out in the tournament's group stage Around the country, gathered fans watched in horror as Uruguay all but ended England's dream with a 2-1 win
Match drew an estimated TV audience of some 20 million people at home as pubs filled and nation came to standstill But, as often before, crowds were left disappointed as England are left praying for Italy to do them a big favour
By Christian Gysin and Leon Watson and Richard Spillett England fans were picking up the pieces this morning after their side's 2-1 defeat to Uruguay left their World Cup dreams in tatters.
After losing their opening game to Italy, the Three Lions are now rooted to the bottom of Group D following Liverpool striker Luis Suarez's two goals in Sao Paulo.
The party atmosphere around the country turned to gloom last night and supporters are now praying that Italy will win both of their final group games to give England a chance of progressing.
Wayne Rooney's wife Coleen and son Kai, four, had travelled to South America to support the star, but despite seeing him pick up his first ever World Cup goal, they and millions of other fans both in Brazil and back home were left disappointed.
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Despite seeing his father's first World Cup goal, Kai Rooney sums up the nation's dejection as he watches England all but go out in Sao Paulo with mum Coleen last night
Coleen Rooney holds her head in her hands as, after making her way to Brazil to take Kai to see his father play, they are witnesses to a morale-busting 2-1 defeat
Fans in Peterborough look on dejected as Uruguay celebrate a victory that all but destroyed England's hopes of staying in Brazil
These fans in Newcastle's Lane 7 bar come to terms with the desperate situation as progression remains only 'mathematically' possible
Fans around the country had gathered for what was England's biggest match of the tournament so far, but were once again left heartbroken
England Fans are left dejected in Birmingham after gathering at the Walkabout Bar in the city centre to watch the match
A fan watching the game on the large outdoor screen in Millenium Square in Leeds, West Yorkshire, vent his anger as England lose again
Misery is written across faces of Three Lions fans in the Walkabout Bar in Bristol after a night of excitement and disappointment
Moments after the game Rooney's wife Coleen took to her Twitter account to say: 'Gutted with the score, but so pleased @WayneRooney scored and his boys were here to see it!!'
Many celebrities also turned the air blue on the social networking website when Suarez scored his late winner. TV presenter Philip Schofield tweeted: 'A***!!!!``Well I'm having a b****y drink!!! Damn damn damn and damn again.'
Chat show host Alan Carr messaged: 'S**t, s**t, s**t, s**t.' QPR midfielder and recent Question Time pundit Joey Barton tweeted: 'Got bullied tonight. Apart from one or two it's a team of f******.
TV fashion guru Gok Wan tweeted: 'B****y hell.' And Lord Sugar asked: 'Will Suarez be welcomed back by the English fans to UK at the start of the PL season.' Depending on the result involving Italy and Costa Rica today, England may now face the ignominy of playing what is effectively a meaningless 'dead rubber' game against Costa Rica on Tuesday next week.
Before kick-off, trouble flared when a group of innocent fans drinking at a bar in Sao Paulo were attacked by a hooded mob of thugs who threw Molotov cocktails, bottles and fireworks. It came after louts – many of them dressed in black - ripped up England flags outside a bar before the match. Police were called and swooped on the gang who immediately tried to flee the area before being rounded up. Early reports suggested that at least 10 England fans had to receive hospital treatment after the bar ambush.
Jubilation turned to heartbreak for England fans after watching their side fail to come back from Luis Suarez's winner
An England fan lies on the platform of Sao Paulo's Pedro II metro station after travelling to Brazil to see his team lose their first two group games to Italy and Uruguay
Disappointment: Two England fans react to their team losing to Uruguay during their 2014 World Cup
England fans gathered in Sao Paulo and watching at home were put through the mill again tonight as Roy Hodgson's men lost 2-1
The violence erupted at the Guanabara pub near the FIFA official Fan Festival area in Anhangabaú as a total of fourteen gang members were then arrested.
They are still being held in a Sao Paulo district police station. Photographs later emerged of some of the Brazilian gang members being rounded up and detained by officers. When police searched both their pockets and backpacks they found a number to be carrying an array of weapons – including knives, brass 'knuckle dusters', rockets, boxing mouth guards and a quantity of drugs. Eyewitnesses told how the gang first descended on the bar throwing Molotov cocktails and fireworks and one man said: 'One minute everything was peaceful and then this screaming mob came steaming down the street and targeted the bar. None of the English fans had done anything to deserve being picked on. 'We do get some hooligan problems in Brazil and these young guys just wanted to make a statement. It was all over in about five minutes. The guys being attacked tried to run back into the bar and close the door.'
Not again: An England fan reacts at the end of the team's 2014 World Cup Group D soccer match against Uruguay
And at home: England fans watch their team's match with Uruguay on the large outdoor screen in Millennium Square in Leeds, West Yorkshire
Two fans dressed as knights continue watching a big screen on the beach in Rio as other trudge off back to their hotels after the game
Fans inside the stadium and back home struggle to cope as a late Suarez winner sinks their hopes of getting to the knock-out phase of the tournament
The incident happened a few hours before England's crucial World Cup Group D clash against Uruguay in Sao Paulo. Further reports told that before arriving at the bar the Brazilian gang caused damage to a series of shops and a bus in the area as they tried to escape from chasing police officers. A spokesman for British police in Brazil to protect and help England supporters said: 'We are aware of an incident affecting fans around the area of the Fans Festival in Sao Paulo. We are working with the local authorities to establish the facts.' Thousands of England fans had descended on the city to watch the crucial 'Three Lions' match and most had a peaceful reception.
The Group D game was a 'do or die' game for both sides after both England and Uruguay lost their first tournament fixture last week.
England fans arriving in Sao Paulo were greeted by weather they would associate at home with winter – with overcast skies and persistent drizzle – before they faced a lengthy train or bus ride to the Corinthians Arena situated around 15 miles outside the city.
An England fan in Shrek ears and another in a top hat prepare to leave the ground after the final whistle following the Group D match the Estadio do Sao Paulo
After making the 4,000-mile trek to South America for the tournament, supporters were left facing the prospect of an early flight home last night
This England team look set be eliminated at the group stage for the first time since 1958
The three lions: Agony but not ecstasy for these England fans who didn't see their team roar
Steve Peters, a 35-year-old heating engineer from St Albans, Hertfordshire, was travelling with three friends and saw England's opening match defeat in Manaus but was upbeat about the chances for Roy Hodgson's side. He explained: 'The Italy game was a disappointment and we should have had a draw with the number of efforts we had on target.' Many England fans arrived at the 66,000 capacity ground more than three hours before the kick-off to attach a variety of St George flags and banners to walls and terracing inside the stadium. The match drew a TV audience of some 20 million at home and black market tickets for the game were being offered at more than £800.
With Uruguay a near neighbour of Brazil more than 25,000 Uruguayans were inside the stadium for the kick-off and police from both countries were keeping a watching brief on supporters gathering in the city's fan zone and outside the ground prior to kick off.
Jubilant Uruguay fans celebrate outside the stadium after their striker Luis Suarez returned from injury and scored two vital goals for the South American team
Uruguayans leave the stadium in party mood after watching their side's hopes of progressing from the group stage take a huge boost against England
Fans of Uruguay, the smallest country in the tournament, could not contain their joy as they watched their team severely dent England's hopes
Uruguay fans taunt England as they praise their star player and match winner Luis Suarez, who plays his club football in England for Liverpool
Masked Uruguay fans unveil a banner to their star Luis Suarez, whose goals would ultimately decide the tie and leave England in the lurch
There had been concerns that rival fans might clash after the game if the result was a 'disaster' for either team – effectively ending their World Cup dreams and making their final group games next week meaningless in terms of qualification. England went into the game aware that they have never won against Uruguay in World Cup competition – losing 4-2 in 1954 and drawing 0-0 in 1966 when they went on to lift the trophy. Pubs and clubs were expected to enjoy a vast boost in profits as millions not watching the game at home set out with friends to cheer on the team in their local bars. There was expected to be a massive power surge at half time as almost 800,000 kettles were likely to be switched on as viewers enjoyed a half time cup of tea or coffee.
Optimism was running high among England fans outside the stadium before the game after their team performed well in their opening game
There was a party atmosphere inside the stadium ahead of the match despite both teams having lost their opening games
Fans had travelled from the around the UK, making the 11-hour flight to Brazil to support Roy Hodgson's team
Fans soaked up the atmosphere ahead of the game with many feeling that, if England played as well as they did against Italy, they would win the match
Despite a slow start, Three Lions fans were in fine voice as their team made a number of chances in the first half hour of play
Those who could not get tickets for the game gathered on the Copacabana beach, in Rio de Janeiro to follow the action
Back home, these fans in a pub in London were left stunned when Luis Suarez opened the scoring for Uruguay in the 39th minute
The party atmosphere in this bar in Birmingham turned flat after Suarez put the South Americans ahead
Two female fans can barely watch a tense first half as they join the crowds at the Walkabout bar in Birmingham last night
Brighton beach was packed for the match, with fans following the action on a big screen put up near the seaside city's famous pier
Members of the Royal Air Force's 904 Expeditionary Air Wing watching the game in their Kandahar Airbase, Afghanistan, which is home to 400 RAF personnel
A fan in Leeds' Millennium square (left), urged the team on after they went behind, while another, Shark Bar in Newcastle, holds his head in this hands after Suarez's goal
A group of men in Kick Bar, east London hold their heads in their hands as a chance goes begging in the first half
A fan outside a bar in central Sao Paulo gives his friends a team talk during half time in the game. Many supporters went to the city despite not having tickets to the match
Figures revealed that British shoppers spent an extra 27.7m pounds on beer and cider during the first week of the World Cup compared to this time last year. Data shows both lager and cider sales were buoyant with more than 10 million extra litres of lager and 2.5 million extra litres of cider sold last week alone. There was also a 17 per cent increase in the sales of soft drinks as the World Cup party began while sales of nuts, crisps and snacks accounted for a further £3 million being spent in our supermarkets . Meanwhile, the nation got behind Roy Hodgson's team at the bookmakers with England's odds at Coral's cut to 20-1 from 25-1 to win the tournament. One confident customer in Wales laid a £10,000 bet on England to win the competition, while money has also been flooding in on them to beat Uruguay in their second game of the tournament where they were 11-10 favourites just four hours before kick-off. 'Considering the expectation on England has been at an all-time low it has not put punters off backing them to lift the trophy. The support is even outside of this country as shown with our customer in Wales who placed a £10,000 bet on them,' said Coral's John Hill.
A fan at a London sports bar can't watch as his team come close to scoring, while across the world on the Copacabana beach, a fans watches the team go behind
A young fan on the Copacabana beach wills the players into action after the teams emerge from half time with Uruguay still ahead
Airmen in Afghanistan celebrate as England finally score with 15 minutes still to play, raising hopes they might still win
Crowds, like these in Peterborough, were sent in ecstasy when Wayne Rooney popped up to equalise for England in the 75th minute
Around the country, supporters like these in Newcastle's Lane 7 bar hoped their team's World Cup had finally come alive as England pushed on
Fans in Shark Bar in Newcastle watch a near miss as England pushed for a second goal during the second half
But it wasn't too be as the English, including this fan in Bar Kick, east London looked on in horror as Suarez scored again
As Uruguay celebrate their victory on the TV screen in the background, England fans comfort each other in a bar in London Bridge
Three veteran England fans look like they've seen it all before as they are among the last to exit the stadium last night
