라틴어 9에서 유래된 11월은 왜 9월이 아닐까? VIDEO: Why is November the 11th month, not the 9th month?
Why is November the 11th month, not the 9th month?
By Benjamin Plackett - Live Science Contributor 17 hours ago
There are two theories, but the most likely blames forgetful Roman bureaucrats.
November, the eleventh month of the year, actually takes its name from the Latin word for the number nine, and it isn't unique in this regard. September, October and December are named after the Roman numbers seven, eight and 10 respectively. July and August used to be named Quintilis and Sextilis, meaning fifth and sixth month, before they were renamed after Julius Caesar and his heir, Augustus. So why are these names all off kilter by two months?
If "nov" comes from the Latin word for nine, why isn't November the ninth month?
(Image: © Shutterstock)
라틴어 9에서 유래된 11월은 9월이 아니라 11월인가? 그리고 왜 두달 씩이나 차이날까 두 가지 설이 있지만 대부분 건망증이 심한 로마 관료들을 탓할 가능성이 크다. 11번째 달인 11월은 사실 숫자 9의 라틴어 단어에서 이름을 따온 것이며 9월, 10월, 12월은 각각 로마 숫자 7, 8, 10의 이름을 따서 지어졌다. 7월과 8월은 5개월과 6개월이라는 뜻의 퀸틸리스와 젝틸리스로 이름이 바뀌기 전 율리우스 카이사르와 그의 후계자 아우구스투스의 이름을 따서 이름이 바뀌었다. 그런데 왜 이 명칭들은 두 달이나 차이가 날까? 두 가지 설이 있다. 첫 번째는 로마 달력에는 10개월 밖에 없었다고 믿게 했을 것이다. 어느 시기에 12로 바꾼 것으로 생각되자 로마인들은 연초에 1월과 2월을 추가했다.두 번째는 항상 12개월이 있다고 믿었겠지만, 설날은 3월 1일, 마지막 달은 2월이었다. 아멜리아 캐롤라이나 스파라비냐(Amelia Carolina Sparavigna)는 이탈리아 토리노 폴리테크닉 대학의 물리학자로서 고대 로마 달력의 정확한 달 단계를 도표화하는 고고학 연구를 수행해 왔다. 그녀는 10개월의 캠프에 확고히 있다. 흥미롭게도, 이 이론에 따르면, 10개월은 더 이상 그렇지 않았다. 로마인들은 단지 우리가 지금 1월과 2월이라고 부르는 날들을 표시하거나 측정하려고 하지 않았다. 왜냐하면 그 달력은 주로 농부들을 위해 개발되었기 때문이다. 그녀는 라이브 사이언스지에 "겨울의 공백이 있은 후, 마티우스로부터 한 해가 시작되었다"고 말했다. 황기철 콘페이퍼 에디터 Ki Chul Hwang Conpaper editor curator |
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There are two theories. The first would have you believe that there used to be just 10 months in the Roman calendar. At some point, when they supposedly changed it to 12, the Romans added January and February at the front of the year, which pushed the other 10 months and their names off course. The second would have you believe that there were always 12 months, but New Year's Day used to be March 1 and the last month of the year was February. But over many decades and centuries, through a series of bureaucratic and political changes, the New Year holiday simply drifted back in the calendar until it landed on Jan. 1.
Brewminate
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Amelia Carolina Sparavigna is a physicist at the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy and has conducted archaeo-astronomical studies to chart the precise lunar phases of ancient Rome's calendars. She is firmly in the 10-month camp. Interestingly, under this theory, the 10 months weren't longer — the Romans simply didn't bother to mark or measure the days in what we call now January and February because little to no agriculture happened in those months, and calendars at that time were developed primarily for farmers. "After a gap in the winter, the year started from Martius," she told Live Science.
But the Romans were a notoriously organized bunch, so why would they introduce two new months and then simply ignore the fact that many of their other named months no longer made sense? Well, the answer could be that naming conventions were a bit of a political quagmire back then — lots of people in power were jostling to rename months to aggrandize their origins. Emperor Caligula, for example, tried to have September changed to "Germanicus" in honor of his father, Sparavigna said. Emperor Domitian also had a go and tried to turn October into Domitianus.
But none of this went down terribly well with the Roman public, who as it turned out, were fairly conservative and didn't take well to change for change's sake. "These changes of names apparently lasted for a very short time," Sparavigna said. This aversion to change makes sense — after all, many of us today still resist changes to the way we measure things; the metric system is far from universal — and could partly explain why the authorities didn't alter the naming system when they introduced January and February.
Not everyone buys that narrative, though.
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