11,000년 전 빙하시대...최소 다섯 종류 품종이 현재의 개의 모습 VIDEO: Dogs had split into at least five distinct breeds by the end of the Ice Age 11,000 years ago when humans were still hunters and gatherers, study of ancient cani..
Dogs had split into at least five distinct breeds by the end of the Ice Age 11,000 years ago when humans were still hunters and gatherers, study of ancient canine DNA reveals
This graphic shows where some modern-day dogs get their genetics from. For example, the Australian dingo is a close descendent of the New Guinea Singing Dog. Meanwhile, the chihuahua and Irish terrier have traditional European ancestry
Researchers studied genomes of 27 ancient dogs dating back 11,000 years ago at the end of the Ice Age
It revealed that by the time the Ice Age ended there were already at least five different dog ancestries
Modern dogs all around the world now have a mixture of genes from these ancient ancestries
By JOE PINKSTONE FOR MAILONLINE
PUBLISHED: 18:00 GMT, 29 October 2020 | UPDATED: 08:23 GMT, 30 October 2020
11,000년 전 빙하시대...최소 다섯 종류 품종이 현재의 개의 모습 개는 인류의 가장 오래 사는 동물 동반자이고 수천 년의 공존은 인간의 가장 친한 친구라는 것을 입증했다. 이제 새로운 연구는 늑대로부터 진화한 개들이 11,000년 전까지만 해도 뚜렷한 품종으로 분열되고 있었다는 것을 발견했다. *상단의 그림은 현대의 개들이 어디에서 왔는지 유전적 지도를 보여준다. 예를 들어, 호주 딩고는 뉴기니 노래하는 개의 가까운 후손이다. 한편, 치와와 아일랜드 테리어에는 전통적인 유럽 조상이다. 총 27개의 고대 개 게놈의 염기서열 분석 결과, 마지막 빙하시대가 끝났을 때, 적어도 5개의 다른 종류의 개들이 있었다고 밝혀졌다. 이 고대 종들은 각각 그들만의 독특한 유전적 조상을 가지고 있었고, 그 흔적은 오늘날 현대의 애완동물에서 볼 수 있다. 늑대로부터 진화한 개들이 1만1000년 전까지만 해도 뚜렷한 품종으로 갈라져 있었다고 보고서는 밝혔다. 프란시스 크릭 연구소의 고대 게노믹스 연구소의 공동저자 겸 그룹 리더인 폰투스 스코글런트는 말한다: '오늘 길을 걸어가는 개들 사이에 보이는 몇 가지 변화는 빙하시대에서 비롯되었다. 중간 사진 설명: 이 연구는 1만900년 전(왼쪽)까지 거슬러 올라간 27마리의 개들의 게놈을 조사해 현대의 개와 늑대(오른쪽)에 비교했다.
하나의 개 품종이 두 마리를 대체하고, 그 뒤 인간에 의한 교배작용이 있기 때문에, 현대의 개들은 사실 그들의 고대 조상들보다 덜 다양하다. 크릭 연구소의 수석 저자인 앤더스 버그스트룀은 '4천년 전이나 5천년 전을 되돌아보면, 유럽이 개에 관한 한 매우 다양한 곳이었음을 알 수 있다. '오늘날 우리가 보는 유럽의 개들은 매우 특이한 모양과 형태를 가지고 있지만, 유전적으로 그것들은 과거에 존재했던 다양성의 극히 일부분에서 유래한다.' 하단 동영상 설명: 러시아 사카 공화국의 시베리아 영구 동토층에서 발견된 새끼 털코뿔소다. 황기철 콘페이퍼 에디터 Ki Chul Hwang Conpaper editor curator |
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Dogs are humankind's longest-serving animal companion and millennia of coexistence has earned canines the well-deserved title of 'man's best friend'.
Now a new study has found that dogs, which evolved from wolves, were splitting into distinct breeds as far back as 11,000 years ago.
A total of 27 ancient dog genomes were sequenced and they revealed that when the last Ice Age ended, there were at least five different types of dog.
These ancient breeds each had their own unique genetic ancestry, and traces of them are seen today in modern pets.
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Dogs, which evolved from wolves, were splitting into distinct breeds as long ago as 11,000 years ago, the report reveals
Pontus Skoglund, study co-author and group leader of the the Ancient Genomics laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute, says: 'Some of the variation you see between dogs walking down the street today originated in the Ice Age.
'By the end of this period, dogs were already widespread across the northern hemisphere.'
Modern dog types emerged from the evolution and breeding of these five ancient groups.
The study, published today in the journal Science, allows researchers to track the evolution of dogs.
It showed that in the early days of dogs in Europe, there was a lot of genetic diversity, with the pets originating from either the Near East or Siberia.
But at some point, perhaps during the Bronze Age, the genetic picture underwent a radical overhaul.
As a result, the two ancient types of dog went extinct in Europe and were replaced by a new breed, which is still prominent today and has been called the European ancestry.
The study looked at the genomes of 27 dogs dating back as far as 10,900 years (left) and compared it to modern dogs and wolves (right)
Because one dog breed replaced two, and subsequent interbreeding by humans, modern-day dogs are actually less diverse than their ancient ancestors during the Holocene era.
Anders Bergström, lead author of the study from the Crick, says: 'If we look back more than four or five thousand years ago, we can see that Europe was a very diverse place when it came to dogs.
'Although the European dogs we see today come in such an extraordinary array of shapes and forms, genetically they derive from only a very narrow subset of the diversity that used to exist.'
To see if the European dog upheaval was caused by human migration, researchers compared the canine data with that of ancient people.
It revealed that, in most cases, the migration and evolution of dogs closely tracks that of humans, indicating they were by our side since the last Ice Age.
However, one notable example of where human history and dog history does not align is in Europe.
The analysis reveals a single dog breed became dominant in Europe, displacing the two incumbents, but there is no clear influx of people.
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https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8893969/Dogs-splitting-distinct-breeds-Ice-Age-11-000-years-ago.html
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