슬로바키아 보니체 새 원전 환경영향평가 완료 Bohunice new block - New Nuclear Power Plant in Slovakia(VIDEO)
4개 원전 가동 2개 건설 중
2개 추가 건설 계획
Reactors of the Bohunice Nuclear Plant. source dw.com
슬로바키아의 보니체 원전 전경
Operating Slovak power reactors 가동 중 원전 현황
source world-nuclear.org
edited by kcontents
케이콘텐츠 편집
슬로바키아의 Bohunice 부지에 설비용량 1,700MW에 달하는 신규 원자력발전소 건설을 추진하고 있는 조인트벤처인 JESS社는 건설프로젝트로 인한 환경, 인구 및 사회간접자본에 대한 영향을 담은 환경영향평가보고서를 제출하면서 그 영향은 크지 않다고 자사 홈페이지를 통해 2015년 9월 8일 공개했다.
JESS사는 이 환경영향평가보고서를 자국의 환경부에 심사를 위해 제출했다고 밝혔다. 2013년에 시작된 환경영향평가는 환경부의 심사결과가 2016년 1사분기 중에 나올 것으로 전망된다. 분량이 400페이지가 넘고 2개의 별도 부록이 있는 이 평가보고서는 서부 슬로바키아의 Bohunice 부지에 짓고자 하는 원자력발전소로 인한 지역 인구, 자연환경 및 수송 인프라에 미치는 영향이 크지 않다고 결론짓고 있다.
이 평가에서는 2021년에 건설이 시작될 원전 건설에 미화 약 45억~68억 불(약 5조 4,000억~8조 1,600억 원)이 소요될 것으로 예측하고 있다. 슬로바키아 경제부가 올 9월 초 발간한 전력수요 연간보고서에 따르면 슬로바키아는 전력을 수출할 고전압 송전망과 원자력발전소 계획예방정비 시 전력 공급을 대신 담당한 신속 기동 가능한 예비발전소가 필요하다고 적시하고 있다.
한편, JESS사의 환경영향평가보고서는 약 2035년경부터 5TWh에 달하는 전력공급 부족에 직면하지 않기 위해서는 해당 원전이 반드시 필요할 것이라고 경고하고 있다. 또한 현재 자국의 1인당 전력소비량이 잘 사는 나라인 오스트리아나 독일의 절반 수준에 불과하다고 분석하고 있다. 이 평가는 슬로바키아의 장기 에너지정책이 신규 석탄화력발전소를 감안하고 있지 않다고 밝히면서 자국은 수력이나 신재생에너지를 통한 신규설비 확보는 제한적이라는 사실을 반영하고 있다.
조인트벤처인 JESS사는 슬로바키아 국영 원자력발전회사인 Javys holding사가 51%의 지분을 갖고 있으며 체코 국영 발전회사인 CEZ사가 잔여지분 49%를 갖고 있으며 2009년 설립된 회사다.
한편, 해당 신규원전 건설이 과연 가능할 것인가에 대한 의문이 계속되는 가운데도 준비가 계속되고 있다. CEZ사는 현재 자국 내 신규원전 건설에 전념할 것임을 공공연히 밝히고 있는 실정이며 2013년 러시아 Rosatom사가 자사가 보유하고 있는 49%의 지분을 매입할 수 있는 길을 열어놨지만 슬로바키아 정부가 신규원전에서 생산될 전력에 대한 가격보장에 반대하는 바람에 거래가 불발에 그친 바 있다.
Bohunice 부지는 현재 4기의 원전이 운영되고 있는 슬로바키아 유일의 원자력발전소이며 총 설비용량은 1,950MW에 이른다.
출처 KISTI 미리안 『글로벌동향브리핑』
Nuclear Power in Slovakia
(Updated August 2015)
•Slovakia has four nuclear reactors generating half of its electricity and two more under construction.
•Slovakia's first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1972.
•Government commitment to the future of nuclear energy is strong.
New nuclear capacity
In October 2004, the government approved Italian Enel's bid to acquire 66% of Slovenské Elektrárne (SE) for €840 million as part of its privatisation process. Enel's subsequent investment plan approved in 2005 involved €1.88 billion investment to increase generating capacity, including €1.6 billion for completion of Mochovce units 3&4. The estimated cost of this project has more than doubled since then.
In January 2006, the government approved a new energy strategy incorporating these plans, which includes capacity uprates at Mochovce 1&2 and the Bohunice V2 units.
Slovak power reactors under construction, planned and proposed
Plans for new nuclear build were outlined in the October 2008 Energy Security Strategy of the Slovak Republic, which incorporates the nuclear power plans in the 2006 Energy Policy. The 2008 Energy Security Strategy aimed to maintain the proportion of electricity generated by nuclear power plants at around 50% through the following measures:
•Completion of Mochovce 3&4 by 2013 (880 MWe gross).
•Uprates at Bohunice V2 and Mochovce 1&2 by 2010 (180 MWe gross).
•Uprates at Mochovce 3&4 by 2015 (60 MWe gross).
•Construction of a new reactor block at Bohunice by 2025 (1200 MWe gross).
In addition, around 2025, when the two V2 units will have reached 40 years of operation, the strategy calls for either life extension of the V2 units or for the construction of 1200 MWe of new nuclear capacity at Kecerovce in the east of the countryl.
Mochovce 3&4
In February 2007, SE announced that it would proceed with Mochovce 3&4 completion and in July 2008, the European Commission approved the completion of the units subject to the design being brought into line with existing best practice for resistance to aircraft impactsj,3. Site works began in November 2008 and main construction activities commenced after contracts were signed in June 2009. A contract with Skoda JS, Russia's AtomStroyExport (ASE) and Slovak suppliers Výskumný Ústav Jadrovej Energetiky (VÚJE), Enseco and Inžinierske Stavby Košice was for more than €370 million to supply the remaining nuclear island equipment (beyond that delivered 20 years earlier), with part of the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems being from Siemens. Contracts for engineering, construction and project management of the conventional island were signed with Enel Ingegneria & Innovazione, and involve the use of Skoda Power steam turbines4. Following delay due to EU stress tests, startup was planned for 2013 and 2014. Uprating is planned by 2016, adding 62 MWe total to the original 880 MWe gross. As of late 2014, 170 major design changes had been implemented, including a major one.
With the project depending substantially on the original 1986 construction permit including environmental clearance, it was challenged, and the need for a full new environmental impact assessment under European Union law was asserted5.
In December 2012 Enel sought an extra €800 million on top of the original €2.8 billion estimate, and an extension of 22 months to complete the two units. In 2013, disagreement between ENEL and other shareholders continued, and the schedule was delayed. In August 2013 the government and Enel agreed to release €260 million to pay suppliers, and in April 2014 the government approved a revised budget of €3.8 billion for the plant, up from €3.25 billion agreed in August 2013. Then in June 2014 the regulator said that SE’s schedule suggested that start-up would be delayed at least until mid-2015.
In October 2014 unit 3 was 80% complete and unit 4 60%. The design has evolved substantially from the original V-213. In January 2015 first power from unit 3 was expected in November 2016, but by July this had slipped by 12 months.
Bohunice new block
The plans for a new reactor at Bohunice were announced in April 2008 for 1000-1600 MWe, probably using Western technology to enable MOX usem. In December 2008, Czech utility CEZ was announced as the 49% joint venture partner, with state-owned Javys holding 51%. CEZ reportedly paid EUR 117 million for its JV share. The formal JESS (Jadrová energetická spoločnosť Slovenska, Slovakia Nuclear Energy Company) joint venture agreement was signed in May 2009. Financing was to be finalised in 2011 and construction was planned to start in 2013, the expected cost being €3.32 billion (for a 1200 MWe unit). Following an 18-month feasibility study (due to be completed by the end of 2010) there was to be a call for tenders, Areva and Westinghouse being considered the main possibilities, and in September 2012 JESS reported that the technology offered by six vendors* met the requirements for one or two reactors at Bohunice.
* Six vendors submitted information packages in December 2010: Westinghouse AP1000, Atmea 1100, Mitsubishi APWR 1700, Atomstroyexport MIR 1200, KHNP APR 1400 and Areva EPR 1600.
In August 2010 the newly-elected centre-right government said it was keen for the Bohunice project to proceed but would not offer any financial support for it. It was not expected to be operational before 2025, but the Minister of Economy said in May 2011 that it could be operational by 2020. A new left-wing government in April 2012 pledged to speed up the project and to decide upon proceeding early in 2013, as well as pushing completion of Mochovce 3&4, apparently delayed by the need to incorporate modifications due to EU ‘stress tests’. The November 2014 energy plan affirmed the project.
CEZ wants to sell its stake in JESS, reportedly for €110 million, in order to concentrate on its Temelin project, and Rosatom has been exploring the prospect of being both technology provider and investor in this unit. In April 2013 CEZ offered its JESS share to Rosatom, and the Slovak Economy Ministry said that it would be happy to accept this change, with Rusatom Overseas buying it and building a 1200 MWe reactor from about 2021. It seeks a guaranteed long-term electricity price of €60-70 /MWh, which the Economy Ministry is unwilling to provide, and possibly a BOO (build-own-operate) arrangement. Rosatom in January 2014 said it remained interested if the Slovak government could guarantee profitability in some way, and negotiations with CEZ continued.
Preliminary works on the project are proceeding. JESS has arranged for the Environmental Impact Assessment [EIA] to be undertaken by AMEC by mid-2016. Purchase of land was almost complete in 2013.
Full Article
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-O-S/Slovakia/
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