우크라이나, 러시아와 원전 건설계약 파기...중국에 줄 듯 Russia disputes criticism of its role in Ukrainian project

2010년 계약 흐멜니츠키 원전 2기 

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우크라이나 흐멜니츠키 원전 건설현장 source globalsecurity.org

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Russia disputes criticism of its role in Ukrainian projects

http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/C-Russia-disputes-criticism-of-its-role-in-Ukrainian-projects-10071501.html

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우크라이나는 러시아와의 거래를 취소하고 Khmelnitski 부지에 건설 중인 2기의 원자력발전소 건설공사를 준공하기 위해 중국 기업을 활용할 수도 있을 것이라고 우크라이나 에너지석탄부의 Volodymyr Demchyshyn 장관이 최근 공개했다. 우크라이나 정부는 기존 계약에 따라 러시아의 Atomstroyexport가 했던 공사에 대한 해당 계약이 취소됨에 따라 이를 대체할 회사로 체코의 Skoda JS사를 이전까지는 거명했었다. Demchyshyn 장관은 한 뉴스 회견에서 러시아와의 협약을 파기했다면서 현재 새로운 건설사를 물색하고 있으며 새로운 파트너는 국제적인 경험을 가진 회사가 되어야 한다고 밝혔다. 우크라이나 의회는 지난 9월 러시아의 Atomstroyexport사가 2010년 6월 체결된 신규원전 건설공사 계약에 따른 의무를 제대로 수행하고 있지 못하다면서 미화 39.9 억 불(약 4조 6,300억 원)에 달하는 계약을 파기한 바 있으며 이에 따라 우크라이나 정부는 중국을 새로운 파트너로 검토하기 시작한 것이다. 2014년 3월에 발생한 우크라이나 Crimea 반도의 러시아 영토로의 합병과 뒤이어 발생한 모스크바가 지원하는 분리주의자에 의한 Donetsk 및 Luhansk 지방 분리선언으로 인해 우크라이나는 러시아에 대해 치명적인 정치적 일격을 이 프로젝트에 가하게 된 것이라고 이 상황에 정통한 정부 관리가 밝혔다. 러시아 국영원자력회사인 Rosatom사가 100% 보유하고 있는 Atomstroyexport사는 계약 조건에 따라 2기의 VVER 원자로를 건설하여 각각 2015년 및 2016년에 준공하여야 한다. 당초 Atomstroyexport사를 대체하여 공사를 맡게 될 것으로 알려졌던 Skoda JS사는 러시아 쪽으로부터 자금과 기술을 지배받고 있다.우크라이나는 점증하는 전력수요를 충족하고 전력공급 능력을 확충할 목적으로 Khmelnitski 부지에 2기의 원자로를 건설해 왔다. 2기의 VVER 원자로는 총 2,000MW의 발전용량을 갖고 있다. Khmelnytskiy 3호기는 현재 75% 완성된 상태이며 4회는 25% 가량 완성되었다고 건설 사업주인 국영 원자력발전운영사인 Energoatom사가 밝혔다. Energoatom사는 우크라이나 최대의 발전사업자로 4곳의 원자력발전소 부지에 총 15기, 13,800 MW의 원전 설비용량을 갖고 있다. Khmelnitski 원자력발전소는 1, 2호기를 통해 올 1월부터 9월까지 10.98 TWh의 전력을 생산했으며 이는 전년도 같은 기간의 8.48TWh보다 증가한 것이다. 출처 KISTI 미리안 『글로벌동향브리핑』

Ref.

Nuclear industry structure and the Russian connection

Late in 2006 the government moved to set up a new national nuclear industry entity - Ukratomprom, as a vertically-integrated nuclear holding company reporting to Energy Ministry and cabinet. 

Ukratomprom was to consist of six state-owned enterprises including Energoatom, the VostGOK uranium mining company, and the Novokonstantinov uranium development company, with assets of some US$ 10 billion, including $6.35 billion for Energoatom. Three major projects were to be launched in 2007, including a $1875 million uranium production venture comprising refurbishment of VostGOK's hydrometallurgical plant and construction of a uranium mill at Novokonstantinov. Then it was announced that Energoatom would not be included in Ukratomprom, and soon afterwards plans were abandoned. 

Russia has made strenuous efforts to regain its influence in Ukraine, and early in 2010 various proposals for civil nuclear joint ventures were put forward. In April the Russian president suggested "full-scale cooperation of our nuclear industries," and that the two countries establish a large holding company that would include power generation, heavy engineering and fuel cycle facilities. As a first stage, he suggested a merger involving Ukrainian uranium mining with Russia's Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant in Siberia, which produces VVER fuel. Also he noted that Ukraine's Turboatom was producing large steam turbines solely for Russia. Furthermore, all Ukrainian reactors need modernization which, he said, could be most effective with close cooperation of Russian enterprises, at the same time as opening access for Ukrainian partners to the Russian market as it greatly expands nuclear capacity. In addition, Russia and Ukraine could collaborate in foreign markets on the basis of financing provided by the Russian government and leading financial institutions. Ukraine's president agreed in principle that some of these particular suggestions might have merit.

Rosatom followed up with the suggestion that if Ukraine signed long-term (25-year) fuel supply contracts with Russia it would enjoy a discount of more than US$ 1 billion. Furthermore, Rosatom was ready to transfer up to 50% of the shares in the Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant to Ukrainian partners and establish domestic fuel production, either “either [as] a branch of the combine where we can be shareholders together, or a new plant in the Ukrainian territory." Rosatom reiterated its long-standing desire to take a share of Ukraine's Novokonstantinov uranium project, and also proposed a joint venture bringing together the heavy engineering assets of Russia's Atomenergomash and Ukraine's Turboatom at Kharkov.

Energoatom has set up Atomproektengineering to handle new nuclear power projects, including investment, design, and construction. It has already been involved with Khmelnitski 3&4 (see below). In October 2010 Atomenergomash announced that it and NAEC Energoatom would set up a strategic consortium to localize nuclear equipment manufacture in Ukraine, particularly in relation to Khmelnitski 3&4.

Ukraine's plans for fuel cycle developments are to develop uranium mining and fuel fabrication, but not conversion, enrichment or reprocessing - these being done in Russia, albeit with some Ukraine equity in IUEC (see above).

Ukraine's JSC Turboatom at Kharkov, established in 1934 and now 75.2% government-owned, is among the leading world turbine-building companies. It specializes in steam turbines for thermal and nuclear power plants, and has the capacity to produce 8000 MWe of such per year, with individual units up to 1100 MWe. It has supplied 110 turbines totaling 50 GWe for 24 nuclear power plants. Ukrainian power plants employ 47 Turboatom-made turbines plus 43 Russian ones. Turboatom's major competitors are the Power Machines Co in Russia and Germany's Siemens. Much of its production in 2010 was for Russia. 

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Countries-T-Z/Ukraine/

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