China ends one-child policy, allows two children for each couple 중국, '1가구 1자녀' 폐지, 2자녀 허락
China ends one-child policy, allows two children for each couple
중국, '1가구 1자녀' 폐지, 2자녀 허락
source sputniknews
edited by kcontents
케이콘텐츠 편집
중국정부가 자녀 수를 1명으로 제한했던 법안을 폐지하기로 결정했다. 이제 후로 모든 가구에 2자녀를 허용했다고 신화통신이 오늘 제 5차 중국공산당 중앙위원회 전당대회에서 결정됐다고 보도했다. 세계 인구수 1위를 차지하는 중국은 1950년대부터 인구 성장 억제 캠페인을 벌여왔다. 1970년대에는'1가구 1자녀' 슬로건이 확산됐다. 그러나, 최근 중국 출생률 제한 정책이 약해졌다. 인구 성장률 저하로 고령화 현상이 초래되었으며 간접적으로는 경제성장속도가 늦춰졌다. 중국정부는 1자녀 정책 폐지로 2018년도까지 중국의 인구는 2억 이상의 될 것이며 연평균 신생아 수가 100-200만이 될 것으로 예상한다. sputniknews |
China will ease family planning restrictions to allow all couples to have two children, after decades of the strict and controversial one-child policy left it with an ageing population and shrinking workforce.
The move is a major liberalisation of the country's family planning restrictions, already eased in late 2013 when Beijing said it would allow more families to have two children when the parents met certain conditions.
Key points
•China ends its one-child policy after 35 years
•Critics say it's too late to undo the socio-economic damage of the policy
•China's fifth plenum leaders meet to discuss getting the economy back on track
The announcement was made at the close of a key party meeting in Beijing to chart the course of the world's second largest economy over the next five years.
The historic change was "intended to balance population development and address the challenge of an ageing population", state news agency Xinhua said.
The one-child policy, which came into effect in 1980, restricted most couples to only a single offspring and for years authorities argued that it was a key contributor to China's economic boom.
It was enforced by a dedicated national commission with a system of fines for violators and often forced abortions, leading to heartrending tales of loss for would-be parents.
But China's population - the world's largest at 1.37 billion - is now ageing rapidly, gender imbalances are severe, and its workforce is shrinking.
Human rights organisations welcomed the change to the deeply unpopular policy, but expressed reservations about remaining controls.
"As long as the quotas and system of surveillance remains, women still do not enjoy reproductive rights," Maya Wang of Human Rights Watch told AFP, adding that change in policy was for "primarily economic reasons".
Wang Feng, a leading expert on demographic and social change in China, called the change an "historic event" that would change the world but said the challenges of China's aging society would remain.
"It's an event that we have been waiting for for a generation, but it is one we have had to wait much too long for," Mr Wang said.
"It won't have any impact on the issue of the aging society, but it will change the character of many young families."
Too little, too late?
The one child policy has been credited with helping to slow China's population growth, although not by as much as originally hoped.
But it also has been instrumental in a widening of the gender ratio, with a traditional preference for boys, particularly in rural areas, leading to a surplus of bachelors that will reach more than 20 million by 2020.
Under the 2013 reform, couples in which one parent is an only child were allowed to have a second child.
Critics said the relaxation of rules was too little, too late to redress substantial negative effects of the one-child policy on the economy and society.
Many couples who were allowed another child under the 2013 rules decided not to, especially in the cities, citing the cost of bringing up children in an increasingly expensive country.
Those views were echoed by users of Chinese social media, who met Thursday's announcement with a collective shrug.
A second child, many commenters noted, would only add to the already intense social and financial pressures attached to reproduction.
"I will have four parents to take care of, along with two children," one commenter noted.
"This is too great a responsibility".
Leaders make roadmap for China's future
The Communist leadership met in Beijing to discuss ways to put the country's stuttering economy back on a smooth growth path as it struggles with structural inefficiencies and social policies left over from an era before it embraced market reforms.
Known as the fifth plenum, the conclave discussed the next Five-Year Plan for China — the 13th since the People's Republic was founded in 1949.
Over four days of meetings the 205 members of the Central Committee, plus around 170 alternates, examined the specifics of the plan, which was largely worked out through a process of national consultations before the leaders even set foot in the capital.
The country's rubber-stamp legislature will officially approve the resulting document next year.
The world's most populous country has enjoyed a decades-long boom since the ruling party embraced market economics and opened up to the rest of the world from the late 1970s.
The process has transformed the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people and propelled the country to global prominence.
But growth has been slowing for several years, and analysts say the party needs to embrace further liberalisation to avoid falling into the stagnation of the "middle income trap", when developing countries fail to fulfil their full potential.
The meeting reiterated the Communist Party's goal to double 2010 GDP by 2020, as part of its aim to achieve a "moderately prosperous society" by the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party's founding.
AFP/Reuters
케이콘텐츠
kcontents
"from past to future"
데일리건설뉴스 construction news
콘페이퍼 conpaper
