우주 탐사선 '뉴호라이즌스', 명왕성 최근접점 통과 환호 NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter(VIDEO)
9년반 동안 56억7천만㎞ 거리의 우주 공간을 날아
명왕성 중력권 통과하고서 더 깊은 우주로 길 떠나
출처 NASA
[VIDEOES]
3 billion-mile journey to see Pluto
Launching New Horizons In Real Scale Kerbal Space Program
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케이콘텐츠 편집
미국의 우주 탐사선 뉴호라이즌스 호가 14일 오전 7시 49분 57초(한국시간 오후 8시 49분 57초)에 명왕성으로부터 가장 가까운 약 1만2천550㎞ 거리까지 접근했다. 2006년 1월 19일(이하 현지시간) 발사된 뒤 9년6개월 동안 태양을 등지고 56억7천만㎞ 거리의 우주 공간을 날아간 뒤의 일이다. 최근접점을 지날 때 뉴호라이즌스의 비행 속도는 지구상의 어떤 비행체도 따라갈 수 없는 수준인 초속 약 14㎞였다. 이 속도로는 1시간 이내에 지구 주위를 한 바퀴 돌 수도 있다.
명왕성 최근접점을 통과한 뉴호라이즌스는 명왕성의 그림자가 생기는 공간과 명왕성의 최대 위성 카론의 그림자가 생기는 공간을 차례로 거친 뒤 태양계 바깥쪽 깊은 우주로 미지의 여행에 나섰다. 뉴호라이즌스가 성공적으로 명왕성 최근접점을 통과하자, 미국 존스홉킨스대 응용물리학 연구실과 미국 항공우주국(NASA)의 연구원들은 환호성을 지르고 박수를 치며 사상 최초의 명왕성 탐사선이 제 몫을 다했음을 축하했다. 이에 따라 미국은 유일하게 현재 8개인 태양계 소속 행성과 함께 명왕성에까지 우주 탐사선을 보낸 유일한 국가가 됐다. 전력을 아끼려고 약 9년간 통신 등의 기능을 사용하지 않았던 뉴호라이즌스는 지난해 12월 '동면' 상태에서 깨어난 뒤 지난 1월부터 본격적으로 명왕성 탐사를 시작했다. 최근접점을 통과할 때 뉴호라이즌스는 고해상도 망원카메라 'LORRI'를 비롯한 7종류의 주요 관측 장비들을 본격 가동해 약 80m 크기의 물체까지 식별할 수 있는 사진을 찍어 지구로 보낼 예정이다. 과학자들은 허블 우주망원경으로 기존에 알려지지 않았던 명왕성의 위성 4개를 더 발견하는 등 명왕성에 대한 많은 정보를 얻었지만, 우주 탐사선이 근접 비행하면서 관측한 각종 정보들은 지구 궤도에서 얻어진 것과는 훨씬 상세하고 정확할 것이라고 기대하고 있다. 뉴호라이즌스가 명왕성 근접점을 통과하고 약 3시간 뒤 전송할 비행 성공 메시지가 성공적으로 지구에 수신되면 뉴호라이즌스의 명왕성 근접비행의 성공이 공식으로 확인된다. 명왕성은 1930년 미국 천문학자 클라이드 톰보(1906∼1997)가 발견했고 곧바로 태양계의 9번째 행성으로 분류됐지만, 국제천문연맹(IAU)이 2006년 8월 행성에 대한 기준을 바꾸면서 명왕성은 왜소행성으로 격하됐다. NASA에서 뉴호라이즌스 연구를 이끄는 앨런 스턴 연구원은 "(존 F.) 케네디 전 대통령 때부터 시작했던 태양계에 대한 기초 관측이 이로써 완결됐다"며 "매우 기쁘다"고 소감을 말했다. 뉴호라이즌스는 명왕성 중력권을 통과한 뒤 다양한 크기의 소행성과 얼음덩어리들로 구성된 '카이퍼 벨트'를 탐사하는 일을 맡게 되고, 그 이후에도 기능이 다 할때까지 깊은 우주로 날아가며 인류의 과학 지평을 계속 넓혀갈 예정이다. (워싱턴=연합뉴스) 김세진 특파원 smile@yna.co.kr |
NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter
Pluto nearly fills the frame in this image from the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) aboard NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft, taken on July 13, 2015 when the spacecraft was 476,000 miles (768,000 kilometers) from the surface. This is the last and most detailed image sent to Earth before the spacecraft’s closest approach to Pluto on July 14. The color image has been combined with lower-resolution color information from the Ralph instrument that was acquired earlier on July 13. This view is dominated by the large, bright feature informally named the “heart,” which measures approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) across. The heart borders darker equatorial terrains, and the mottled terrain to its east (right) are complex. However, even at this resolution, much of the heart’s interior appears remarkably featureless—possibly a sign of ongoing geologic processes.
Credits: NASA/APL/SwRI
NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft is at Pluto.
After a decade-long journey through our solar system, New Horizons made its closest approach to Pluto Tuesday, about 7,750 miles above the surface -- roughly the same distance from New York to Mumbai, India – making it the first-ever space mission to explore a world so far from Earth.
“I’m delighted at this latest accomplishment by NASA, another first that demonstrates once again how the United States leads the world in space,” said John Holdren, assistant to the President for Science and Technology and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. “New Horizons is the latest in a long line of scientific accomplishments at NASA, including multiple missions orbiting and exploring the surface of Mars in advance of human visits still to come; the remarkable Kepler mission to identify Earth-like planets around stars other than our own; and the DSCOVR satellite that soon will be beaming back images of the whole Earth in near real-time from a vantage point a million miles away. As New Horizons completes its flyby of Pluto and continues deeper into the Kuiper Belt, NASA's multifaceted journey of discovery continues."
“The exploration of Pluto and its moons by New Horizons represents the capstone event to 50 years of planetary exploration by NASA and the United States," said NASA Administrator Charles Bolden. “Once again we have achieved a historic first. The United States is the first nation to reach Pluto, and with this mission has completed the initial survey of our solar system, a remarkable accomplishment that no other nation can match.”
Per the plan, the spacecraft currently is in data-gathering mode and not in contact with flight controllers at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physical Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. Scientists are waiting to find out whether New Horizons “phones home,” transmitting to Earth a series of status updates that indicate the spacecraft survived the flyby and is in good health. The “call” is expected shortly after 9 p.m. tonight.
The Pluto story began only a generation ago when young Clyde Tombaugh was tasked to look for Planet X, theorized to exist beyond the orbit of Neptune. He discovered a faint point of light that we now see as a complex and fascinating world.
"Pluto was discovered just 85 years ago by a farmer's son from Kansas, inspired by a visionary from Boston, using a telescope in Flagstaff, Arizona,” said John Grunsfeld, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. "Today, science takes a great leap observing the Pluto system up close and flying into a new frontier that will help us better understand the origins of the solar system.”
New Horizons’ flyby of the dwarf planet and its five known moons is providing an up-close introduction to the solar system's Kuiper Belt, an outer region populated by icy objects ranging in size from boulders to dwarf planets. Kuiper Belt objects, such as Pluto, preserve evidence about the early formation of the solar system.
New Horizons principal investigator Alan Stern of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado, says the mission now is writing the textbook on Pluto.
"The New Horizons team is proud to have accomplished the first exploration of the Pluto system,” Stern said. “This mission has inspired people across the world with the excitement of exploration and what humankind can achieve.”
New Horizons’ almost 10-year, three-billion-mile journey to closest approach at Pluto took about one minute less than predicted when the craft was launched in January 2006. The spacecraft threaded the needle through a 36-by-57 mile (60 by 90 kilometers) window in space -- the equivalent of a commercial airliner arriving no more off target than the width of a tennis ball.
Because New Horizons is the fastest spacecraft ever launched – hurtling through the Pluto system at more than 30,000 mph, a collision with a particle as small as a grain of rice could incapacitate the spacecraft. Once it reestablishes contact Tuesday night, it will take 16 months for New Horizons to send its cache of data – 10 years’ worth -- back to Earth.
New Horizons is the latest in a long line of scientific accomplishments at NASA, including multiple rovers exploring the surface of Mars, the Cassini spacecraft that has revolutionized our understanding of Saturn and the Hubble Space Telescope, which recently celebrated its 25th anniversary. All of this scientific research and discovery is helping to inform the agency’s plan to send American astronauts to Mars in the 2030’s.
“After nearly 15 years of planning, building, and flying the New Horizons spacecraft across the solar system, we’ve reached our goal,” said project manager Glen Fountain at APL “The bounty of what we’ve collected is about to unfold.”
APL designed, built and operates the New Horizons spacecraft and manages the mission for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. SwRI leads the mission, science team, payload operations and encounter science planning. New Horizons is part of NASA’s New Frontiers Program, managed by the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
Follow the New Horizons mission on Twitter and use the hashtag #PlutoFlyby to join the conversation. Live updates also will be available on the mission Facebook page.
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