"늦게까지 음식 먹을수록 심장에 부담 커진다" Why Late-Night Eating May Hurt Your Heart

Why Late-Night Eating May Hurt Your Heart

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | November 10, 2018

CHICAGO — Late-night meals may take a toll on heart health, a new study suggests.

The research, presented here today (Nov. 10) at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions annual meeting, found that eating more later in the evening was associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

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"늦게까지 음식 먹을수록 심장에 부담 커진다" 콜롬비아대 누어 마카렘 박사   저녁 6시 이전 섭취 심혈관 건강에 유익 가능한 식사 시간 당겨야 심장병 예방 가능 밤 늦게 먹는 것이 심장을 부담에 준다는 새로운 연구 결과가 나왔다 미국 심장 협회의 과학 세션 연례 회의에서 오늘 여기서 발표한 연구는 저녁 늦게 더 많이 먹는 것은 심장 질환의 위험 증가와 관련이 있다는 것을 발견했다. 현재 미국 사람들은 "늘어진 생활 방식"을 가지고 있으며. 그들은 밤에 늦게 잠을 자고 더 적은 수면을 취한다고 주요 연구 저자 콜럼비아대학의 박사후 과정 누어 마카렘(Nour Makarem) 박사가 밝혔다. 그리고 이런 늦은 생활방식 때문에 늦은 밤 식사율도 높아졌다고 그녀는 말했다. [저서: 심장을 건강하게 유지하는 새로운 9가지 방법] 그래서 그들은 그것이 사실인지 알아보기 위해 나섰다. 이 연구에서 연구원들은 18세에서 76세 사이의 12,700명 이상의 히스패닉 및 라틴 아메리카 성인에 대한 정보를 조사하기 위해 라틴 아메리카 공동체 건강 연구/라디오 연구라는 데이터베이스를 사용했다. 마카렘은 라이브 사이언스와의 인터뷰에서 "미국의 히스패닉과 라틴 아메리카계 인구 중 단 한 명만을 조사했지만, 미국의 다른 인구에서도 유사한 연관성을 볼 것으로 기대한다"고 말했다. 실제로 해외에서 행해진 여러 연구에 따르면 식사 시점이 심장질환에 대한 위험요인의 개발과 관련이 있을 수 있다고 한다. 연구팀은 이 연구에서 참가자들이 식습관을 보고한 이틀간의 데이터를 조사했으며, 이 정보를 혈압과 혈당 등의 측정치와 비교했다. 18~76세의 성인 1만2,708명의 식습관을 조사한 자료를 분석했는데 하루 칼로리 섭취량 중에 35.7%를 저녁 6시 이후에 섭취하고 대상자 가운데 절반 이상은 하루 식사량의 30% 이상을 저녁 6시 이후에 섭취하는 것으로 나타났다. universityhealthnews.com 저녁 6시 이후 섭취한 칼로리가 증가할수록 공복 혈당과 인슐린, 인슐린 저항성이 증가해서 당뇨병 위험이 증가했고 하루 칼로리 섭취량 중에 30% 이상을 저녁 6시 이후에 섭취하면 고혈압 위험이 23% 증가하고 당뇨병 전단계가 될 가능성이 19% 증가했다. 마카렘 박사에 따르면 식사 시간이 먹는 음식의 종류나 식사량 못지않게 중요하다는 사실을 입증하는 연구결과가 속속 발표되고 있는데 하루 칼로리 섭취량 중에 대부분을 저녁 6시 이전에 섭취하면 심혈관 건강에 유익하고 가능한 저녁 식사 시간을 앞당기고 야식을 삼가는 것이 심장병 위험을 줄이는 간단한 방법이 될 것이라고 말하고 있다. 황기철 콘페이퍼 에디터 큐레이터 Ki Cheol Hwang, conpaper editor, curator

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People in the U.S. now have a "delayed lifestyle" — they go to sleep later at night and get fewer hours of sleep, said lead study author Nour Makarem, a postdoctoral fellow in cardiology at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. And with that delayed lifestyle, you also see higher rates of late-night eating, she said. [9 New Ways to Keep Your Heart Healthy]

Makarem and her colleagues thought that this meal timing may play a role in the rise in rates of obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes seen in recent years.

So, they set out to see if that's the case. In the study, the researchers used a database called the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos to look at information on more than 12,700 Hispanic and Latino adults ages 18 to 76.

(Though the study looked at just one specific population in the U.S., the Hispanic and Latino population, "we do expect to see similar associations in other populations in the U.S.," Makarem told Live Science. Indeed, several studies conducted abroad have shown that meal timing may be associated with developing risk factors for heart disease, she added.)

In the study, the team looked at data from two separate days in which participants reported their eating habits, and compared this information with measurements such as blood pressure and blood sugar.

They found that over half of the people in the study consumed 30 percent or more of their daily calories after 6 p.m. Those participants had higher levels of fasting blood sugar (a measure of the amount of sugar in the blood when someone hasn't eaten in hours), higher levels of insulin (the hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in the blood), higher levels of HOMA-IR (a marker of resistance to insulin) and higher blood pressure than participants who reported eating less than 30 percent of their daily calories after 6 p.m.

A high fasting blood sugar level can be considered a sign of prediabetes, according to the Mayo Clinic. (Prediabetes means that a person's blood sugar levels are abnormally high, but not high enough to be considered diabetes.) Indeed, the researchers found that those who consumed 30 percent or more of their daily calories after 6 p.m. were 19 percent more likely to develop prediabetes than those who ate more earlier in the day. Seventy percent of people with prediabetes go on to develop type 2 diabetes, which is a risk factor for heart disease, Makarem noted. [Where Is Heart Disease Risk Highest and Lowest? (Maps)]

Those same participants were also 23 percent more likely to develop hypertension, compared with people who ate more earlier the day. These associations were especially common in women, Makarem added.

The late-night link

The study only found an association between meal timing and a person's risk of certain medical problems; it didn't prove a cause-and-effect link.

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However, Makarem said that one possible explanation for the link is that problems can arise when our body clocks aren't synced to our environment. Almost every cell in the body can tell time, following a roughly 24-hour cycle. A small part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus serves as the body's master clock, receiving external light cues (ideally from the sun) and sets the rest of the clocks in the body's cells accordingly, telling people when to wake up, sleep and eat, Makarem said.

"These clocks are regulated by bright-light exposure, but also by behaviors, particularly food signals," Makarem said. So, when we eat at unconventional times — for example, by consuming more calories in the evening — the body's clocks can become misaligned with the master clock, leading to problems in metabolism and increasing the risk for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease, she said.

"The evidence is fairly consistent that eating more, later in the day, seems to be worse metabolically," said Kristen Knutson, an associate professor of neurology and preventative medicine at Northwestern Univeristy Feinberg School of Medicine who was not involved with the research, but attended Makarem's talk. These problems arise because "you're not eating at the time that's optimal for your circadian system," she told Live Science.

The findings have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal. 

https://www.livescience.com/64059-late-night-eating-heart-health.html?utm_source=notification

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